Whenever people ask me what I do as a real estate investor, it's pretty common that I'm met with puzzled looks as I try to explain what “land flipping” or “land investing” is all about.

At first glance, these words are often misunderstood or confused with other investing models, and it's not surprising why.

The land flipping business model is a pretty unique thing. Most people haven't truly taken the time to understand what it is, how it works, and its advantages and disadvantages. It also hasn't caught on as a mainstream investment strategy yet, which is part of its beauty.

If you've ever wanted to know how the land flipping business works, I will lay out a clear roadmap of the “lifecycle” a vacant land deal goes through.

Of course, this is just one model that can be followed. This is the way I do it, but not every land investor goes through these exact motions (though most of us follow a pretty similar set of steps). As I've been working in this business over the past decade, this is the most systematic and sustainable way I've been able to nail down so far, and I hope you find it helpful.

Step 1. Market Research

When starting from square one, it's wise to look at several markets before you hit the ground running. There are plenty of acquisition opportunities in most markets, but not every market has the same types of properties available at the same price range. Every area will produce a slightly different response to your marketing efforts.

• To the extent possible, define your ideal property (e.g., size, uses, zoning, location, value, etc.)
• Establish your budget for marketing and acquisition.
• Identify any state and local laws that may apply to vacant land transactions.
• Determine whether you intend to sell for cash or with seller financing (or both).
• Find out what property information is available from the county and/or your data service of choice.

RELATED: Finding Your Best Market for Land Investing

Step 2. Marketing for Motivated Sellers

There are many ways to find real estate deals. Direct mail has been the most efficient and cost-effective way to find motivated sellers for many years. However, several new marketing channels, such as text marketing, cold calling, ringless voicemail, and email marketing, have grown in popularity in the post-COVID world.

Each marketing channel has pros and cons, but the success of any campaign hinges on your ability to find the right data, organize it adequately, and send a compelling message to the right people.

• Determine where you will get your list of property owners (the county or data service).
• Get your list filtered and sorted for the best possible response rate.
• Upload your list and direct mail piece to a direct mail service provider and send the mail!
• For non-direct-mail marketing, you'll want to skip trace your list to get phone numbers and email addresses and then proceed with contacting the property owners.

RELATED: Text Marketing 101 for Land Investors

Step 3. Process Leads & Make Offers

As the responses from motivated sellers come in, you'll want to have the right systems to manage those inbound calls, emails, texts, and website submissions. You'll also need to collect the right information as you do your due diligence on each property.

• Set up a phone system (preferably, a customized voicemail greeting) to answer the sellers who choose to call you.
• Create a buying website to build your credibility and allow sellers to submit their property information to you online.
• Respond to your inbound leads when necessary and gather the necessary information to close with confidence.
• Set up a FAST, seamless system for making non-committal offers. You can do this by sending out blind offers with your initial direct mail campaign (see Step 2) or emailing offers to each property owner.
• If any negotiation is required to get an acceptance, only have those conversations on the properties worth fighting for (and only revise your offer to the point that it still fits within the amount you're willing to pay).

RELATED: Boost Your Acceptance Rate By Asking This Question

Step 4. Due Diligence

When your offers are accepted, it's time to dive into your due diligence. Are there any hidden problems you need to be aware of? Are there any apparent reasons you shouldn't go through with this purchase? Don't count on the seller to give you all the information. The only way to be confident about what you're purchasing is to do your own homework.

• Find the property's location, shape, size, and dimensions, and verify that these aspects of the property are acceptable.
• Look closely at similar properties listed for sale in the area (and if data is available for sold comps, look at those, too). Try to nail down an approximate market value for your subject property.
• Check the property for potential issues affecting its uses (zoning, wetlands, terrain, surroundings, etc.)
• Make sure you understand all the costs associated with purchasing AND owning the property (back due taxes, recording fees, HOA fees, etc.). Even if you intend to sell the property as soon as possible, be fully informed about what it would cost to hold the property for a longer period, like 12 – 36 months.
• If adjustments need to be made to your offer price based on your findings, discuss this with the seller and revise your purchase agreement before closing.

RELATED: The Truth About Land Investing: 15 Warning Signs to Look for When Buying Vacant Land

Step 5. Closing the Acquisition

There are two different ways to handle the closing process for vacant land. One option is to close conventionally—with a title company or real estate attorney (this is a more costly approach, but it usually makes sense for properties valued at $10K or more).

Another option is to be unconventional and close it yourself (this is far less expensive but requires more time and education). Self-closing only makes more sense for super-cheap properties because they have a smaller profit margin, and the cost of hiring a closing agent doesn't work with the economics of the deal.

Closing a cash land transaction is fairly straightforward, but any real estate closing involves some inherent risk. The documentation, steps, and even the law can vary greatly depending on the state and municipality your property is located in. You should only conduct your closings if you've done your independent research and verified the documentation and procedures required for your situation.

• Option 1: Do your title search to verify a clear chain of title and conduct an in-house cash closing (often makes sense for properties with a market value of less than $5K).
• Option 2: Send your signed purchase agreement to a professional closing agent and let them do all the work (often makes sense for properties with a market value of $10K or more).
• Option 3: Take the hybrid approach by ordering title insurance and closing the transaction yourself, with the help of a mobile notary, to get documents signed. Note: Title insurance will automatically be part of the package when you use a title company. When you close on your own, you can decide whether or not to buy title insurance (from a cost standpoint, this hybrid approach often makes sense for properties with a market value between $5K – $10K)

RELATED: Understanding Title Insurance: How to Read a Preliminary Title Commitment

Step 6. List, Promote, Sell

Now that you have a property (or several properties) in your inventory, it's time to turn around and get them sold. Some properties will sell quickly (in a matter of days), and others will take more time (in months). The speed of the sale has a lot to do with the quality of your listing, the desirability of the geographic area (and the property itself), the reach of your promotional efforts, and the price and terms you're offering (among other things).

• Start by creating a compelling property listing, with great pictures, an informative description (and even video, if possible).
• Post your property listing in as many places as possible, and focus your efforts on the outlets with the highest traffic and/or the most targeted audience for land buyers.
• Price your property competitively (if you bought it at 10% – 30% of market value, this shouldn't be difficult), and it also helps if you're willing to offer seller financing whenever possible.
• Contact the neighbors and let them know about your property for sale.
• Build a buyers list and keep them informed of your available properties.

RELATED: 5 Fundamentals That Sell Real Estate Fast

Step 7. Process Buyer Leads

When you post listings on the internet, you will get many people responding to them. Many of these people will be “tire-kickers”, people who aren't serious about buying, but they feel compelled to ask questions and waste your time anyway.

• Follow up with every email, text, call, and comment on your property listings and leave no stone unturned. It's usually not possible to determine if someone is a serious buyer on the first contact, so follow up with everyone.
• Ask qualifying questions to weed out the tire kickers and determine whether you're talking to a serious buyer. If someone indicates that they have the cash and are ready to buy, you'll have a good reason to keep the conversation going.
• Even if someone doesn't buy the property they're inquiring about, add them to your buyer's list and keep them informed about other properties in your inventory that might fit their needs.

RELATED: The Real Estate Investor's Guide to Building a Buyers List

Step 8. Closing the Sale

This is where the land flipper finally gets paid. The complexity of the closing process can vary depending on the buyer, the property, the state laws in effect, and whether the property is being sold for cash or on terms (i.e., seller financing).

• When you've got an interested buyer who has verbally committed, it's time to schedule a closing date (signing a purchase agreement and collecting an earnest deposit aren't required, but both actions will signify the buyer's commitment to the deal).
• Depending on the deal's profit margin (and who pays the closing costs), it may make sense to enlist the help of a title company to handle all the paperwork and facilitate the closing.
• If the property has a smaller profit margin, the closing can be handled in-house by simply signing the deed to the buyer after being paid.

RELATED: How to Close a Cash Land Transaction In-House

Step 9. Seller Financing (Optional)

You don't have to offer seller financing on the properties you sell, but if you are willing to, you can expect your properties to sell faster, sell at a higher price, generate some passive income, and make a lot more money in the long run.

Seller financing can offer some huge advantages for land investors, because most banks and credit unions won't offer loans for vacant land – and since most land buyers will have a harder time finding the funds to buy your property, you can solve this problem by financing the sale for them (and since you're acting as their lender, you'll have a lot of freedom and flexibility over what the terms will be).

• Do some homework to find out what type of lending instrument should be used in the state where your property is located.
• Consult with a legal professional to understand what will be required if a borrower ever defaults on their payments to you (i.e. – In the worst-case scenario, how difficult, costly, and time-consuming will it be to repossess/resell your property)?
• Finalize the terms with your borrower, verify their ability to repay (optional), close the transaction, and start collecting payments.
• Get the right systems in place to automate the collection of payments, keep track of loan balances and stay on top of borrowers if/when they pay late (or stop paying altogether).

RELATED: Seller Financing Masterclass Review

Step 10. Repeat & Grow Your Business

By the time you reach the end of the land flipping lifecycle – you will have learned A LOT of lessons about what you should and shouldn't continue doing as you circle back to Step 1 and repeat the process.

• Take some time to analyze how everything progressed through the previous steps.
  • What went well?
  • What could have gone better?
  • What can you change to smooth out the process?
• Think about how you can navigate the lifecycle more efficiently, sustainably, and profitably.
  • Should you work in a different market or stay in the same place?
  • Should you go after similar property types or pursue something different?
  • Should you change the way you handle prospects and make offers?
  • Which marketing mediums were most effective for you in the selling process?
  • Where should you be spending more (or less) time and money?
  • Was it easy or difficult to get your property sold? Why?
    • If it was difficult, what would have made it easier?
    • If it was easy, should you have asked for more?
• Make any necessary adjustments to your game plan and jump back into it!

If you've made it through the lifecycle, give yourself a BIG pat on the back!

Many people burn out somewhere in the previous steps because land flipping is like any business – unexpected challenges WILL come up, things DON'T always happen as quickly and seamlessly as we'd like them to, and it takes patience and stamina to keep pushing forward.

RELATED: The #1 Reason Land Investors Fail

Step 11. Evolve Your Business

When you've been through the lifecycle a dozen times (and learned lots of new lessons each time), you'll eventually become much more confident in what you're doing, and you'll learn how to make a sustainable income by repeating these steps.

For most people, land investing is a means to an end – so whatever your end goal is, be intentional about moving your business and life in that direction.

• If your goal is to diversify your income or fund your retirement by investing in other things, then make sure you've set aside a budget to do this!
• If your goal is to funnel your land profits into buying rental properties, don't forget to continue investing in profitable rentals!
• If your goal is to build up dozens (or hundreds?) of passive income streams from seller-financed land deals, then make sure you're selling your properties this way!
• If your goal is to quit your job and spend more time with your family, then make sure you've got a game plan to quit your job and make more time for your family!

I know from experience even when you've got a business that runs like a well-oiled machine, it's easy to let the business run you rather than you running your business. Whatever your long-term goals are, don't forget to keep those goals in mind as you make short-term decisions.

RELATED: The Real Problem With Your Ambition (And How to Avoid It)

Want to Learn More About Land Investing?

The truth about land investing is that most people have no idea how powerful it really is. Land is a massive opportunity that most investors aren't paying attention to – and for the few land investors who know how to pursue this business with the right acquisition strategy, it's an extremely lucrative way to build wealth and financial freedom with real estate.

If you want to get the inside scoop on how to start and run your own land investing business, come and check out the Land Investing Masterclass, where you'll get access to a full 12-week course, videos, bonuses, downloads, and a members-only forum (where I spend time answering questions every week). There is no better place to learn this business from the inside out.